current development history and status of China's enamelled
3.1 development history of enamelled wire industry in China
After decades of development, by 1980, the national output of enamelled wire was only 50000 tons. Although there were many manufacturers, about 500, the production scale was very small. In the 1960s and 1970s, as a leading manufacturer in the enamelled wire industry, the annual output of Shanghai China Electric Factory was only about 3000 tons. At that time, the annual output of Fuzhou Electric Wire Factory (the predecessor of Datong company) was less than 1000 tons. China needs all other types of enamelled wires imported, and its output accounts for only 4.55% of the global output, less than 5%.
Since the early 1980s, China has entered the market economy and implemented the opening-up policy. China's 21 enterprises have successively introduced 155 enamelled wire production lines from Austria, Japan, Italy and Taiwan, more than 620 sets of enamelled wire machines and testing instruments, with a total production capacity of more than 250000 tons. The introduction of these equipment has reached the current international advanced level, Among them, Austrian MAG company produces the most equipment, accounting for more than 80%, which rapidly improves the product structure, equipment level and manufacturing technology of China's enameled wire industry, approaches or reaches the international advanced level, and greatly shortens the gap between China and the international enameled wire industry. With the rapid development of China's home appliance industry, electronic information and communication industry, the scale of enamelled wire production enterprises has expanded rapidly, and the annual output has developed from thousands of tons to 10000 tons. Old enterprises continue to be eliminated, new enterprises continue to emerge, and a new enamelled wire industry has basically taken shape in China. From the perspective of product structure, quality and market demand scale, it basically meets the demand for enamelled wire in emerging industries such as domestic household appliances.
3.2 domestic enamelled wire market demand analysis
Enamelled wire is an indispensable main supporting raw material for motor, electrical appliances, household appliances, electronics, communication and transportation products. This paper makes a statistical analysis on the demand for enamelled wire in major industries.
(1) small and medium-sized motors. Small and medium-sized motors are widely used in fans, compressors, rolling mills and electric vehicles; Radiation resistant motors used in nuclear power plants, new, high-speed and heavy-duty locomotive traction motors; Full heat sink medium-sized high-voltage motor and variable-frequency speed regulation motor will become key products during the Tenth Five Year Plan period. Motor output: 37.616 million kW in 2000; 37.548 million kW in 2001. According to the market analysis, during the Tenth Five Year Plan period, the demand for small and medium-sized motors will be maintained at 45 ~ 60 million KW, and the amount of enamelled wires for small and medium-sized motors will be 40000 ~ 50000 tons per year. With the development of motor miniaturization and lightweight technology, class B and below enamelled wire products will be gradually replaced by class F, h and above enamelled wire products, which provides a broader market prospect for high-grade enamelled wire.
(2) electric tools. Electric tools are a sudden industry in recent years, especially the increase of export volume. With the improvement of people's living standards, all kinds of electric tool products are used at home. In 2000, the total output of electric tools was 43 million units, and 37.86 million units were exported; In 2001, the total output was 63.64 million units and 56 million units were exported. The export direction was mainly developed countries. Calculated according to each o.5k different enamelled wire, the consumption in 2001 was 31820 tons.
(3) household appliances. With the development of the home appliance industry in the 1990s, the consumption of electromagnetic wires has exceeded the annual consumption of electromagnetic wires for motors and transformers, becoming the largest user of electromagnetic wires. According to statistics, in 2001, it produced 18.2667 million air conditioners, 12.7848 million refrigerators, 3.84 million freezers, 12.5716 million microwave ovens, 10.1 million vacuum cleaners, 76.616 million electric fans, 14.4298 million washing machines and 3.6615 million range hoods. The development of household appliances has driven the development of enamelled wire. According to the above main products, the consumption of enamelled wire has exceeded 140000 tons per year, including refrigerator and freezer refrigeration compressor (each using 0.85kg enamelled wire), air conditioning refrigeration compressor (each using 1.5kg enamelled wire), air conditioning plastic packaging motor (each using 0.5kg enamelled wire), barrel washing machine motor (each using 0.5kg enamelled wire) Vacuum cleaner motor (each with 0.4KG enamelled wire) uses special enamelled wire.
(4) automobile and transportation. The rapid development of the automotive industry has led to an increase in the demand for electromagnetic wires for automotive electrical appliances. Electromagnetic wires are required for generators, various motors, solenoid valves, fans, coils, audio equipment, etc. it is reported that there are more than 40 parts where electromagnetic wires are required for a high-end car, and the requirements are not exactly the same, including micro thin wires, high-voltage wires, high-temperature wires, etc, Not only does each newly produced car use a large amount of electromagnetic wires, but also a large number of cars need electromagnetic wires for repair and maintenance. During the Ninth Five Year Plan period, the total demand for domestic cars was 1.3-11.6 million, and the annual demand ranged from 1.6 million to 3 million. The demand for high temperature resistant electromagnetic wires for automotive electrical appliances is conservatively estimated to be 2400-4500 tons. In 2000, the total demand for automobiles was 2.52 million, and the holding capacity was 17.97 million. In 2001, the total demand for automobiles was 3.51 million, of which the demand for cars was 1.5484 million, and the holding capacity was 19.61 million. According to the preliminary statistics, the required consumption of high-temperature electromagnetic wires was 15000 tons. Among the automotive electrical appliances, the largest use of electromagnetic wires was high-temperature electromagnetic wires of class 180 and above. With the update of technology, The widely used 155 grade electromagnetic wire will be replaced by 180 grade and 200 grade, such as solenoid valve, ignition coil, starting motor, oil pump motor, ABS motor, generator, etc. in this way, the demand space for high temperature resistant electromagnetic wire for automotive electrical appliances is greater. With the development of transportation industry and the electrification and air conditioning of trains and locomotives, all motors and air conditioners use high temperature resistant and special electromagnetic wires. It is reported that there are 50000 motors in operation in China. If 10000 motors are repaired every year, the amount of enamelled wire used each year will exceed 5000 tons based on 350-400kg enamelled wire. Today, with more and more attention to environmental protection, mopeds and motorcycles running in streets and alleys emit a lot of waste gas and are strictly limited. Therefore, they will be gradually replaced by electric mopeds in the future. Electric flat motors will use high-temperature self-adhesive enamelled wires, and the number is also very considerable.
(5) variable frequency motor and other special motors. The development of frequency conversion technology has brought about the technical innovation of household appliances. The use of frequency conversion adjustment and exhibition has brought about the technical innovation of household appliances. The use of frequency conversion speed regulation technology to produce frequency conversion air conditioners, frequency conversion refrigerators and frequency conversion washing machines can achieve the purpose of numerical control, high efficiency, energy saving, low noise and cost reduction. In the special motor industry, frequency conversion speed regulation technology is more widely used, and its biggest advantage is energy saving and reliability. Variable frequency speed regulation can save about 25 ~ 35% of motor power, which is a great energy saving spring. The popularization and development of variable frequency motor has its own internal advantages and is irresistible. Therefore, variable frequency speed regulation has broad application prospects in metallurgy, mining, petroleum, petrochemical, machinery, light industry, building materials, medicine, papermaking, railway, transportation, chemical industry, elevator, household appliances and other fields, and will gradually replace DC speed regulation. It is one of the top ten high-tech technologies promoted in China. With the popularization and development of variable frequency motor, the winding wire suitable for it will face a broad market opportunity. According to the research of industry experts, anti corona electromagnetic wire is a product that must be promoted in the first two decades of the 21st century, and its development prospect is very considerable. The wire and cable industry takes the anti corona electromagnetic wire project as one of the key projects in the tenth five year plan. According to industry statistics, the demand for anti corona electromagnetic wire in China's motor industry in 2001 was about 8500 tons, and its demand is expanding rapidly. It is expected to reach 18000 tons by 2009. At present, the product completely depends on imports, and only one or two companies in the United States have developed mature products in the world, and other countries such as Germany and Japan are studying it. Traction motors, metallurgical motors, hoisting motors, explosion-proof motors, DC motors, mining motors, etc. generally use enamelled wires of class F, h or even higher thermal level due to special application occasions, large load and high power, especially many opportunities of overload. For these motors, in order to ensure reliable operation, The thermal level of the selected winding wire is generally 1-2 higher than that of the motor. Therefore, the heat-resistant enamelled wires of class F, h and above developed countries developed rapidly from 1980s to 1990s. There is a gap in China's enamelled wire industry, but it also shows that it is a development direction. Generally speaking, in recent years, the development of motor and transformer industry has been stable without ups and downs, while the development of household appliances industry has brought strong vitality to the enamelled wire industry. The enamelled wires used are much more than other industries, and basically all are enamelled wires of class F, h and above, which is one of the important reasons for the rapid development of China's enamelled wire industry for many years, The development of household appliances also drives the development of enamelled wires. The rise of variable frequency motors promotes the development of special enamelled wires. Electromagnetic ovens and microwave ovens promote the development of heat-resistant self-adhesive enamelled wires. Electric bicycles require self-adhesive enamelled wires. The improvement of vacuum cleaner performance requires high-grade enamelled wire to be equipped with it. The requirements of enamelled wire for deflection coil of large screen color TV have not been met, and the demand for enamelled bundle wire will increase. It can be seen that the proportion of domestic products with low technical content is too high, and high-level products can not meet the needs. The development of composite coated enamelled wire will be a mainstream development direction